Disecting the Frog

Background

As members of the class Amphibia, frogs may live some of their adult lives on land, but they must return to water to reproduce. Eggs are laid and fertilised in water. On the outside of the frog’s head are two external nares, or nostrils; two tympani, or eardrums; and two eyes, each of which has three lids. The third lid, called the nictitating membrane, is transparent. Inside the mouth are two internal nares, or openings into the nostrils; two vomerine teeth in the middle of the roof of the mouth; and two maxillary teeth at the sides of the mouth. Also inside the mouth behind the tongue is the pharynx, or throat.

In the pharynx, there are several openings: one into the oesophagus, the tube into which food is swallowed; one into the glottis, through which air enters the larynx, or voice box; and two into the Eustachian tubes, which connect the pharynx to the ear. The digestive system consists of the organs of the digestive tract, or food tube, and the digestive glands. From the oesophagus, swallowed food moves into the stomach and then into the small intestine. Bile is a digestive juice made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile flows into a tube called the common bile duct, into which pancreatic juice, a digestive juice from the pancreas, also flows. The contents of the common bile duct flow into the small intestine, where most of the digestion and absorption of food into the bloodstream takes place.

Indigestible materials pass through the large intestine and then into the cloaca, the common exit chamber of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. The respiratory system consists of the nostrils and the larynx, which opens into two lungs, hollow sacs with thin walls. The walls of the lungs are filled with capillaries, which are microscopic blood vessels through which materials pass into and out of the blood. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart has two receiving chambers, or atria, and one sending chamber, or ventricle. Blood is carried to the heart in vessels called veins. Veins from different parts of the body enter the right and left atria. Blood from both atria goes into the ventricle and then is pumped into the arteries, which are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

The urinary system consists of the frog’s kidneys, ureters, bladder, and cloaca. The kidneys are organs that excrete urine. Connected to each kidney is a ureter, a tube through which urine passes into the urinary bladder, a sac that stores urine until it passes out of the body through the cloaca. The organs of the male reproductive system are the testes, sperm ducts, and cloaca. Those of the female system are the ovaries, oviducts, uteri, and cloaca. The testes produce sperm, or male sex cells, which move through sperm ducts, tubes that carry sperm into the cloaca, from which the sperm move outside the body. The ovaries produce eggs, or female sex cells, which move through oviducts into the uteri, then through the cloaca outside the body.

The central nervous system of the frog consists of the brain, which is enclosed in the skull, and the spinal cord, which is enclosed in the backbone. Nerves branch out from the spinal cord. The frog’s skeletal and muscular systems consist of its framework of bones and joints, to which nearly all the voluntary muscles of the body are attached. Voluntary muscles, which are those over which the frog has control, occur in pairs of flexors and extensors. When a flexor of a leg or other body part contracts, that part is bent. When the extensor of that body part contracts, the part straightens.

Objectives:

• Describe the appearance of various organs found in the frog.

• Name the organs that make up various systems of the frog.

Purpose:

You will dissect a frog in order to observe the external and internal structures of frog anatomy.

Materials:

• safety goggles, gloves, and a lab apron

• forceps

• preserved frog

• dissecting pins (6–10)

• dissecting tray and paper towels

• plastic storage bag and twist tie

• scissors

• marking pen

• dissecting needle

Procedure:

1. Put on safety goggles, gloves, and a lab apron.

2. Place a frog on a dissection tray. To determine the frog’s sex, look at the hand digits, or fingers, on its forelegs. A male frog usually has thick pads on its "thumbs," which is one external difference between the sexes, as shown in the diagram below. Male frogs are also usually smaller than female frogs. Observe several frogs to see the difference between males and females.

3. Use the diagram below to locate and identify the external features of the head. Find the mouth, external nares, tympani, eyes, and nictitating membranes.

4. Turn the frog on its back and pin down the legs. Cut the hinges of the mouth and open it wide. Use the diagram below to locate and identify the structures inside the mouth. Use a probe to help find each part: the vomerine teeth, the maxillary teeth, the internal nares, the tongue, the openings to the Eustachian tubes, the oesophagus, the pharynx, and the slit-like glottis.

5. Look for the opening to the frog’s cloaca, located between the hind legs. Use forceps to lift the skin and use scissors to cut along the center of the body from the cloaca to the lip. Turn back the skin, cut toward the side at each leg, and pin the skin flat. The diagram above shows how to make these cuts.

6. Lift and cut through the muscles and breast bone to open up the body cavity. If your frog is a female, the abdominal cavity may be filled with dark-colored eggs. If so, remove the eggs on one side so you can see the organs underlying them.

7. Use the diagram below to locate and identify the organs of the digestive system: esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cloaca, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

8. Again refer to the diagram below to identify the parts of the circulatory and respiratory systems that are in the chest cavity. Find the left atrium, right atrium, and ventricle of the heart. Find anartery attached to the heart and another artery near the backbone. Find a vein near one of the shoulders. Find the two lungs.

9. Use a probe and scissors to lift and remove the intestines andliver. Use the diagram on the next page to identify the parts of the urinary and reproductive systems. Remove the peritonealmembrane, which is connective tissue that lies on top of the red kidneys. Observe the yellow fat bodies that are attached to the kidneys. Find the ureters; the urinary bladder; the testes andsperm ducts in the male; and the ovaries, oviducts, and uteri in the female.

10. Remove the kidneys and look for threadlike spinal nerves that extend from the spinal cord. Dissect a thigh, and trace one nerve into a leg muscle. Note the size and texture of the leg muscles.

11. Dispose of your materials according to the directions from your teacher.

12. Clean up your work area and wash your hands before leaving the lab. 

Cardiovascular disease

Majority of deaths in Malaysia are caused by cardiovascular diseases, disorders of the heart and blood vessels. The tendency to develop cardiovascular disease is inherited to some extent, but lifestyle plays a large role, too. Nongenetic factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular problems include smoking, lack of exercise, a diet rich in animal fat, and high concentrations of cholesterol in the blood.

Cholesterol travels in the blood plasma mainly in the form of particles consisting of thousands of cholesterol molecules and other lipids bound to a protein. One type of particle—low–density lipoproteins (LDLs), often called the “bad cholesterol”—is associated with the deposition of cholesterol in arterial plaques, growths that develop on the inner walls of arteries. Another type—high–density lipoproteins (HDLs), or “good cholesterol”—appears to reduce the deposition of cholesterol. Exercise increases HDL concentration, whereas smoking has the opposite effect on the LDL/HDL ratio.

Healthy arteries have smooth inner linings that promote unimpeded blood flow. The deposition of cholesterol thickens and roughens this smooth lining. A plaque forms at the site and becomes infiltrated with fibrous connective tissue and still more cholesterol. Such plaques narrow the bore of the artery, leading to a chronic cardiovascular disease known as atherosclerosis.

 

The rough lining of an atherosclerotic artery seems to encourage the adhesion of platelets, triggering the clotting process and interfering with circulation.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) promotes atherosclerosis and increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis tends to raise blood pressure by narrowing the vessels and reducing their elasticity. According to one hypothesis, chronic high blood pressure damages the endothelium that lines arteries, promoting plaque formation. Fortunately, hypertension is simple to diagnose and can usually be controlled by diet, exercise, medication, or a combination of these. A diastolic pressure above 90 may be cause for concern, and living with extreme hypertension—say, 200/120—is courting disaster.

As atherosclerosis progresses, arteries become narrower, and the threat of heart attack or stroke increases. There may be warning signs. For example, if a coronary artery is only partially blocked, the person may feel occasional chest pain, a condition known as angina pectoris. The pain is most likely to appear when the heart is laboring hard as a result of physical or emotional stress, and it signals that part of the heart is not receiving enough O₂. However, many people with atherosclerosis are completely unaware of their condition until catastrophe strikes.

The final blow is usually a heart attack or a stroke. A heart attack is the death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from prolonged blockage of one or more coronary arteries, the vessels that supply oxygen–rich blood to the heart. Because they are small in diameter to begin with, the coronary arteries are particularly vulnerable. Such blockage can destroy cardiac muscle quickly, since the constantly beating heart muscle cannot survive long without oxygen. A strokeis the death of nervous tissue in the brain, usually resulting from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head.

Heart attacks and strokes frequently result from a thrombus, or blood clot, that clogs an artery. A key process leading to the clogging of an artery by a thrombus is an inflammatory response triggered by the accumulation of LDLs in the artery′s inner lining. Such an inflammation, which is analogous to the body′s response to a cut infected by bacteria, can cause plaques to rupture, releasing fragments that form a thrombus. The thrombus may originate in a coronary artery or an artery in the brain, or it may develop elsewhere in the circulatory system and reach the heart or brain via the bloodstream. The transported clot, called an embolus, is swept along until it lodges in an artery too small for the clot to pass. An embolus is more likely to become trapped in a vessel that has been narrowed by plaques. The embolus blocks blood flow, and cardiac or brain tissue downstream from the obstruction may die from O₂deprivation. If damage in the heart interrupts the conduction of electrical impulses through cardiac muscle, heart rate may change drastically or the heart may stop beating altogether. Still, the victim may survive if a heartbeat is restored by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or some other emergency procedure within a few minutes of the attack. The effects of a stroke and the individual′s chance of survival depend on the extent and location of the damaged brain tissue.

Tips penjagaan wajah

Penjagaan muka adalah penting tidak kira untuk wanita mahupun lelaki. Muka yang bersih, bebas jerawat dan tidak berminyak pastinya diimpikan oleh setiap antara kita. Malah secara tidak langsung muka yang bersih akan membuat kita lebih yakin dan berketrampilan bila berhadapan dengan orang.

Krim-krim penjagaan muka yang di jual di pasaran adakalanya agak mahal dan bukan semua orang mampu membelinya. Ada juga yang mengandungi bahan kimia yang tidak sesuai untuk kulit wajah seseorang. Namun itu bukan alasan untuk kita mengabaikan penjagaan wajah kita.

Untuk entri ini, puteri nak share ngan korang beberapa tips penjagaan muka yang menggunakan bahan-bahan yang boleh di dapati di dapur kita.

MENCERAH, MENGHALUS DAN MELICINKAN KULIT.

Ambil sebiji timun (dibuang kulit) kemudian kisarkan. Selepas itu tapiskan dan sapu ke kulit muka. Kemudian biarkan sekurang-kurangkan 20 minit. Lepas itu basuh muka dengan air. Seeloknya di amalkan sebelum tidur.

Atau korang juga boleh menggunakan kentang yang dikupas kulitnya dan dibasuh sehingga bersih. Campurkan dengan putih telur dan lumurkan pada muka. Biarkan kering. Lepas itu baru basuh dengan air.

Atau korang juga boleh gunakan air beras. Ambil air nasi yang ditanak sebelum ia kering sebanyak beberapa sudu. Lumurkan ke muka ketika ia masih suam. Biarkan kering dan basuh sehingga bersih.

TANGANI MASALAH JERAWAT & HILANGKAN PARUT JERAWAT

Beras pulut di kisarkan. Kemudian tapiskan untuk mendapatkan serbuk yang halus. Ambil sedikit serbuk yang telah di tapis tadi dan campurkan dengan sedikit air. Sapukan di muka dan biarkan sehingga kering. Kemudian basuh sehingga bersih. (Boleh juga di gantikan dengan kacang hijau)

Tips ini mudah diamalkan cuma perlukan kerajinan dalam diri. Yang penting pastikan kita minum air yang secukupnya setiap hari agar kulit wajah tidak kering dan kusam.

Dan jangan lupa senyum selalu sebab senyuman itu penyeri wajah.

Apa itu berdengkur..?

Apa itu Berdengkur?

Berdengkur ialah bunyi bising semasa bernafas, di mana sebahagian daripada saluran pernafasan atas seseorang itu tersumbat. Ia berlaku apabila terdapat sekatan pada aliran udara di dalam saluran pernafasan di bahagian belakang mulut dan hidung. Bunyi itu dikeluarkan apabila tisu di bahagian atas saluran pernafasan bergesel dan bergetar di antara satu sama lain. Berdengkur bertambah kerap mengikut umur dan biasanya tidak membahayakan.

Sebab-Sebab Berdengkur

1. Lemah otot-otot pada lidah, lelangit lembut dan tekak.

Apabila otot tidak tegang akibat arak atau ubatan yang menyebabkan otot lemah, lidah akan tertolak ke belakang, menutupi aliran udara atau otot tekak tertarik masuk ke dalam tekak dan menyekat salur pernafasan atas. Juga berlaku semasa waktu tidur yang nyenyak

2. Tisu tekak yang besar dan tebal.

Kanak-kanak yang mempunyai tonsil dan tisu adenoid yang membengkak selalunya berdengkur. Orang yang berlebihan berat badan dan mempunyai leher yang pendek dan besar akan mudah berdengkur.

3. Lelangit lembut dan uvula (anak tekak) yang panjang.

Uvula yang panjang akan mengecilkan rongga pembukaan dari hidung ke tekak. Getaran yang berlebihan dari tisu ini akan mengakibatkan dengkuran.

4. Saluran pernafasan tersekat.

Hidung yang tersumbat dan sukar bernafas menyebabkan individu lebih kerap menyedut udara untuk bernafas. Ini mengakibatkan ruang vakum yang berlebihan di dalam tekak, dan  mengakibatkan tisu tekak yang lembut tertarik ke dalam danmengakibatkan dengkuran.

5. Batang hidung yang bengkok, polip dan jangkitan sinus.

Komplikasi

Berdengkur, boleh juga mendatangkan masalah tidur yang serius yang dipanggil ‘sleep apnea‘ iaitu apabila seseorang itu berhenti bernafas lebih dari 10 saat buat seketika sewaktu tidur. ‘Sleep apnea‘ boleh membahayakan diri dan memerlukan rawatan selanjutnya.

Rawatan

Dengkuran yang teruk ialah mereka yang berdengkur pada mana-mana kedudukan atau mengganggu orang lain, sepatutnya mencari khidmat nasihat perubatan bagi memastikan keadaan itu bukanlah masalah ‘sleep apnea‘.

Pakar Telinga, Hidung dan Tekak akan memeriksa hidung, mulut, tekak, lelangit dan leher mendengkur. Kajian semasa tidur yang dilakukan di dalam ‘makmal tidur’ perlu bagi mengenal pasti tahap keseriusan dengkuran dan kesan kesihatan ke atas mendengkur tersebut.

Rawatan Untuk Dengkur

Rawatan adalah bergantung kepada diagnosis yang dibuat. Pemeriksaan akan menunjukkan dengkur adalah disebabkan oleh alahan hidung, jangkitan, kecacatan atau masalah tonsil dan “adenoid“. Rawatan diberi mengikut sebab-sebab yang dikenal pasti.

Petua untuk Mengurangkan Dengkuran

• Kurangkan berat badan jika anda mengalami masalah berat badan berlebihan

• Kurangkan pengambilan arak atau ubatan yang mempunyai kesan mengantuk pada waktu tidur

• Cegah pengambilan tranquilizer, pil tidur dan antihistamina sebelum tidur

• Elak pengambilan arak sekurang-kurangnya 4 jam dan mengambil makanan berat atau ringan dalam tempoh 3 jam, sebelum berehat

• Amalkan tidur pada waktu yang tetap setiap hari

• Utamakan posisi tidur mengiring daripada posisi terlentang

• Tinggikan kepala katil anda lebih kurang 4 inci ke atas supaya posisi kepala lebih tinggi dan lidah tidak tertolak ke belakang.

Kafein.... Kebaikan dan keburukan...

MUNGKIN anda gemar menikmati secawan kopi atau nescafe setiap pagi atau anda membancuhkannya setiap malam.Kesan pengambilan kafein pada setiap individu berbeza. Bagi kebanyakan doktor perubatan pula, mereka menyarankan wanita hamil dan ibu yang menyusukan bayi patut mengurangkan pengambilan kafein. Walaupun dalam jumlah sedikit atau sederhana belum dapat dibuktikan boleh mengganggu bayi, tetapi yang selalu ditegaskan dalam kebanyakan kajian, kafein boleh memburukkan masalah jantung atau saraf.

Prof Suhaila Mohamad dari Fakulti Sains dan Sains Makanan, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), berkata kafein bersifat diuretic (tindakan yang menyebabkan banyak air dikumuhkan)."Bagiorang dewasa pula lazimnya sifat yang diuretic menyebabkan individu yang mengambil kafeinakan kerap membuang air kecil," katanya.

Difahamkan meminum kopi lebih dari­pada tiga cawan boleh meningkatkan risiko barah, tetapi setakat ini tiada kajian saintifik yang menyokong kenyataan itu. Kajian hanya dijalankan kepada mereka yang gemar minum kopi dan sebaliknya, yang mana didapati orang minum kopi memiliki ingatan lebih baik. Bagaimanapun, Prof Suhaila berkata, dalam apa juga pengambilan makanan sekali pun, sifat bersederhana adalah lebih baik kerana setiap perkara itu ada keburukan dan kebaikannya. 

Kesan pengambilan kafein yang sedikit:

1.Mengganggu corak tidur. 

2.Meningkatkan degupan jantung.

3.Meninggikan tekanan darah.

4.Kerap membuang air kecil.

5.Tangan terketar-ketar perlahan.

6.Kurang selera makan.

Kesan pengambilan kafein dengan jumlah yang banyak:

1.Resah dan gelisah.

2.Sukar menumpukan perhatian.

3.Sakit kepala.

4.Sukar tidur.

5.Keliru dan kadang-kala berhalusinasi. 

Kafein dalam pemakanan: Secara umum kafein lebih banyak ditemui dalam kopi (54 peratus), teh (43 peratus), minuman kola dan ­­ubat-ubatan (3 peratus).

Fakta: KafeinKafein adalah sejenis ‘ubat’ (drug) yang dihasilkan secara semula jadi dalam daun dan biji benih. Ia juga boleh dihasilkan secara tiruan dan ditambah ke dalam sesetengah makanan. Kafein dikategorikan dalam kumpulan ubat yang sama dan kadang kala digunakan untuk merawat lelah.Bertindak menstimulasi sistem saraf tengah menyebab­kan peningkatan dalam degup jantung dan sifat waspada (alertness).

Kebanyakan orang yang sensitif dengan kafein mengalami pertambahan dalam tenaga dan ‘elevation mood’.Ada dalam daun teh, biji kopi, coklat, kebanyakan minuman soda dan sesetengah ubat melegakan kesakitan.

Fakta: Jumlah kafein dalam minuman
Kopi yang disaring (250ml) 200-250mg
Kopi yang ditapis (250ml) 100-150mg
Kopi segera (250ml) 80-150mg
Kopi tanpa kafein (250ml) 4-8mg
Teh (250ml) 20-200mg
Teh ais (350ml) 12-28mg
Minuman kola (375ml) 30-75mg
Minuman untuk tenaga 375ml 150mg atau lebih
Coklat panas (250ml) 10mg
Coklat bar (200gram) 60mg 

Nescafe 3 in 1 penyebab sakit buah pinggang? Antara yang dikesan adalah:

1. Kerap berdebar tidak tentu masa.
2. Bila jantung berdebar berlaku, diikuti dengandahi berpeluh.
3. Kerap merasakan kesakitan pada dada.
4. Sering mencungap dan kadang-kadang kala sewaktu sembahyang pun mencungap.
5. Semakin tak tahan atau alah dengan panas terik matahari dan kalau kena panas, badan akan berpeluh dan tidak selesa.
6. Tapak tangannya basah.

Nescafe 3 in one adalah tidak baik dan merosak buah pinggang manakala krimer yang terdapat di dalam campuran ini merosak jantung. Krimer ini bukan diperbuat dari susu tetapi adalah dibuat dari kelapa sawit (non dairy creamer)"

Tips untuk merawat:

1. Elakkan dari meminum Nescafe yang merosak buah pinggang dan elakkan sama sekali apa jua jenis krimer yang dibuat dari selain susu (non dairy creamer)
2. Elakkan dari mengambil coffee mate kerana ia adalah non dairy creamer
3. Elakkan makan ais krim kerana mengandungi krimer yang tinggi
4. Elakkan susu pekat manis yang mengandungi krimer dari selain susu.
5. Elakkan memakan sebarang makanan yang mengandungi margarine
6. Elakkan memakan burger, nuget, kentang goreng, potato chip dan segala yang sewaktu dengannya
7. Elakkan mandi selepas makan
8. Amalkan amalan: Ambil segenggam kacang hijau, rendam dalam air kira-kira 10 minit,selepas itu rebus asal masak dan bukan rebus sehingga pecahtanpa membubuh garam. Selepas itu buang air rebusan dan makanlah kacang hijau ini dan amalkan amalan ini setiap hari..
9. Boleh beli jintan hitam dan makan setiap hari atau pun belilah yang sudah siap diproses atas nama habbatussauda
10. Amalkan makan sayuran pahit seperti kailan, peria, pegaga, daun ubi, pucuk betik, ulam-ulam dsbnya.
11. Kurangkan makan nasi lemak terutama sekali nasi lemak di kedai kerana mereka mencampurkan minyak masak kepada nasi lemak agar nasi lemak ini kelihatan cantik berderai dan tidak melekat.

Kebaikan Spirulina

Fakta tentang Spirulina

Asalamualaikum

Bukan aku nak promote cuma aku nak kongsi cerita tentang khasiat Spirulina. Aku amalkan Spirulina dari Cosway sebab ia organik,berkualiti dan yang paling penting harganya sangat berpatutan jika dibandingkan dengan keluaran syarikat lain. Spirulina ni yang pertama disahkan organik dan satu-satu yang bermutu USP di dunia. Maksudnya ia bebas 100% bebas daripada bahan pencemar. Ia juga100% semulajadi, tanpa pengisi, bahan pengikat atau bahan tambahan kimia.....

Fakta mengenai Spirulina:

1. Spirulina dikenali sebagai salah satu sumber makanan deng nutrisi paling padat dan lengkap. Ia padat dengan vitamin & mineral yg luas spektrum, klorofil dan fito-nutrisi
2. Tiada formula multivitamin yang setandingnya!
3. Sesuai utk semua kanak2, dewasa, warga emas, wanita mengandung
4. Menguatkan sistem ketahanan badan
5. Mengekalkan kesihatan kardiovaskular
6. Mengurangkan tahap kolesterol
7. Melancarkan fungsi penghadaman dan kesihatan gastro-usus
8. Melindungi badan drpd masalah kurang darah
9. Membantu mengwal berat badan
10. Membuatkan kulit cantik berseri
11. Menggalakkan proses detoks semulajadi badan dan menyingkirkan toksin dari badan

Sebelum ini, aku amalkan spirulina dari jenama lain. Bagus juga tapi harganya mahal dan tidak pula mendapat sijil pengesahan organik.So, jadilah orang yang bijak berbelanja... Biar kualiti bagus dengan harga yang berpatutan.

Top 10 oddest birth...!!!

Whenever babies are born, people usually gush. They give compliments to the babies because of how cute they look. There are also times when some babies have unique features that set them apart from the rest. For instance, a baby may have the prettiest face in the nursery and it is obvious even when she is placed with other babies. However, there are times when people notice other babies because of different reasons. Some give attention to babies because of the defects that they have. It is a sad but true fact of life.

1- Siamese Twins

Top 1 in our list is Siamese Twins. Siamese twins have always been popular in different parts of the world. This is probably because so many Siamese twins have gained attention because of the fact that they are stuck together for good. Right now though, a lot of Siamese twins are separated when they are already strong enough to be separated. It is still sad though that sometimes, one twin has to die because of the lack of body parts available for one set of twins.

2- Ambras Syndrome

Coming in at number 2 in our list is the Ambras Syndrome. It is a very rare syndrome that affects only a few of the world’s population. To date, only 40 people in the world right now have this condition. It can be very sad for people with this disease because people reject them immediately because of their looks. People with this condition develop uncontrollable hair in their face and neck area. This is the reason why some people with this condition are taunted by their peers that they look like werewolves.

3- Fused Limbs

Number 3 in our list is Fused Limbs. Some people refer to this as mermaid syndrome but this is not actually true since some people born with this condition also have their arms fused together. There are times though when only the fingers or toes are joined together and not the whole limb.

4- Cyclopia

One of the most bizarre birth condition is the Cyclopia which is number 4 in our list of odd birth effects. The condition got its name from Cyclopes which is known to have only one eye. Babies born with this condition only have one eye in the middle of their forehead. Some believe that this happens because of the medications that women take during pregnancy.

5- Craniopagus Parasiticus

Another bizarre birth condition that is very rare is Craniopagus Parasiticus. This is the condition wherein an unborn twin is joined together with its living twin. Most of the time, the unborn twin is not living or does not show any signs of being alive. However, there is an instance wherein the unborn twin has shown some emotions as well. This odd birth condition has earned the number 5 spot on our list.

6- Foetus in Foetu

Another birth condition that is still related to twins is Foetus in Foetu which is the odd condition wherein the other twin is inside the stomach of the stronger twin. The twin is unborn and lives off from the born twin like a parasite. It is a good thing though that those with this condition can be operated on with no side effects that can affect the person. This condition is number 6 in our list.

7- Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva

Number 7 on our list is the condition called Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva. Those who are born with this condition usually get abnormal growth of bones in different parts of their body. Usually, the growth of bones happen when the child or the person hurts himself or herself. Instead of bleeding or scarring, new bones appear. This condition can be very uncomfortable especially because the bones cannot be removed. Surgically removing the bones will only cause more bones to grow from the surgical wounds.

8- Progeria

Getting the number 8 position on our list is Progeria. There have been movies that have been made based on this condition. This is the condition wherein children are aged well beyond their years. In a few months time, they will suddenly grow older. They will lose their teeth and hair and their skin condition will lose its luster. They will suddenly age. Arterial damage usually causes children to die when they reach puberty.

9- Vestigial Tail

Occupying the 9th spot in our list right now is Vestigial Tail. From the name itself, it is already obvious that children born with this condition have a tail that actually has a function. Some people believe that the reason why some babies are born with it is because of the fact that some genes have already been mutated.

10- Anencephaly

Read more: http://the10mostknown.com/top-10-oddest-birth-defects.html#ixzz2JYBSqFWK